Composition Analysis of Anti-wear Hydraulic Oil Additive Package
In modern industrial production, hydraulic systems are widely used in various mechanical equipment. From large construction machinery to precision machine tools, from automated production lines to aerospace equipment, the stable operation of hydraulic systems plays a crucial and vital role in ensuring the performance of the equipment, improving production efficiency, and extending the service life of the equipment. Anti-wear hydraulic oil, as the "blood" of the hydraulic system, the quality of its performance directly affects the working condition of the hydraulic system. The anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package is the key to enhancing the performance of anti-wear hydraulic oil. Through the synergistic effect of various additives, it endows the hydraulic oil with excellent anti-wear, extreme pressure, anti-oxidation, anti-rust, anti-foaming and other properties, thus meeting the strict requirements of hydraulic systems under different working conditions. In the field of lubricating oils, the anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package, with its unique formula and excellent performance, has become an important support for ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of mechanical equipment, and it has a significant and non-negligible importance for promoting the process of industrial modernization.
Types of Anti-wear Agents and Their Lubrication Mechanisms
The anti-wear agent is one of the core components in the anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package. Its main function is to form a protective film on the metal surface, reduce the friction coefficient, and minimize the wear of the metal surface. There are a wide variety of common anti-wear agents, including organic molybdenum compounds, phosphate esters, sulfide compounds, etc.
Organic molybdenum compounds, such as molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), are a class of anti-wear agents with excellent performance. Its lubrication mechanism is relatively complex. When the anti-wear hydraulic oil containing MoDDP circulates in the hydraulic system, the MoDDP molecules will decompose under the catalytic action of frictional heat and the metal surface, generating active substances with lubricating properties. On the one hand, the molybdenum element generated by the decomposition will form a nanoscale molybdenum film on the metal surface. This molybdenum film has good ductility and a low shear strength, which can effectively reduce the friction force between the friction surfaces. It is like laying a smooth "lubricant film" on the metal surface, making the relative movement between the metal surfaces smoother and thus reducing wear. On the other hand, the sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds generated by the decomposition of MoDDP will also chemically react with the metal surface to form a chemisorption film, further enhancing the strength and stability of the protective film and improving the anti-wear performance.
Phosphate ester anti-wear agents, such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP), etc., have a high polarity. When the hydraulic system is in operation, the polar ends of the phosphate ester molecules will preferentially adsorb on the metal surface, forming a layer of oriented molecular film. This molecular film has a certain thickness and strength, which can withstand a certain load and play a role in isolating the metal surfaces and preventing direct contact wear. At the same time, under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, phosphate ester anti-wear agents will undergo a decomposition reaction, generating phosphides with extreme pressure anti-wear properties, further improving the anti-wear effect.
Sulfide anti-wear agents, such as sulfurized isobutylene, etc., their action principle is mainly based on the chemical activity of the sulfur element. During the friction process, the sulfur-carbon bonds in the sulfurized isobutylene molecules will break, releasing active sulfur atoms. These active sulfur atoms can quickly chemically react with the metal surface to form an iron sulfide film. The iron sulfide film has good anti-wear performance and a high load-bearing capacity, which can effectively prevent the scratching and wear of the metal surface, forming a solid "protective barrier" on the metal surface.
Types of Extreme Pressure Agents and Their Roles in High-pressure Environments
In hydraulic systems, especially in some heavy-duty and high-pressure working conditions, such as the hydraulic systems of large hydraulic presses and deep-sea operation equipment, the presence of extreme pressure agents is crucial for ensuring the performance of the hydraulic oil. Extreme pressure agents can chemically react with the metal surface under extreme conditions of high pressure, high temperature, and high load, forming a chemical reaction film with high compressive strength and low shear strength, thus preventing the sintering and severe wear of the metal surface. Common extreme pressure agents mainly include sulfur-containing extreme pressure agents, phosphorus-containing extreme pressure agents, and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents, etc.
Sulfur-containing extreme pressure agents, such as dibenzyl disulfide, etc., in a high-pressure environment, the sulfur atoms in the molecules will chemically react with the metal surface. When the contact pressure on the metal surface exceeds a certain threshold, the sulfur-sulfur bonds in the dibenzyl disulfide molecules will break, and the active sulfur atoms will react with the iron atoms on the metal surface to form iron sulfide. The iron sulfide film has high hardness and good anti-shear performance, which can effectively withstand the load under high pressure and prevent severe wear caused by direct contact of the metal surfaces. Moreover, the iron sulfide film also has good stability at high temperatures, which can continuously exert the extreme pressure anti-wear effect and ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system under harsh conditions of high temperature and high pressure.
Phosphorus-containing extreme pressure agents, such as dibutyl phosphite, etc., their action mechanism is different from that of sulfur-containing extreme pressure agents. Under high-pressure conditions, the phosphorus atoms in the phosphorus-containing extreme pressure agent molecules will adsorb and chemically react with the metal surface. First, the dibutyl phosphite molecules will adsorb on the metal surface through their polar groups to form a physical adsorption film. With the increase of pressure and temperature, the physical adsorption film gradually transforms into a chemisorption film, and the phosphorus atoms chemically react with the iron atoms on the metal surface to generate compounds such as iron phosphate. The chemical film composed of these compounds has high compressive strength and good lubrication performance, which can significantly improve the load-bearing capacity of the hydraulic oil in a high-pressure environment, effectively prevent the scratching and gluing of the metal surface, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the hydraulic system.
Chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents, typically such as chlorinated paraffin, in a high-pressure environment, the chlorine atoms in the chlorinated paraffin molecules will react with the metal surface. When the metal surface is under high pressure, the chlorine atoms generated by the decomposition of chlorinated paraffin will chemically react with the iron atoms on the metal surface to form chlorides such as ferrous chloride. The reaction film formed by these chlorides has a low shear strength, which can effectively reduce the friction coefficient under high pressure. At the same time, its high hardness can also withstand a large load, thus preventing the wear and sintering of the metal surface and providing reliable protection for the hydraulic system under high-pressure and high-load working conditions. However, due to the potential environmental pollution caused by chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents, their use is restricted to a certain extent in some occasions with high environmental protection requirements.
Types of Anti-oxidants and Their Functions in Preventing Oxidation
During the use of anti-wear hydraulic oil, it will inevitably come into contact with air. Under the action of factors such as high temperature and metal catalysis, it is prone to oxidation reactions. Oxidation reactions will not only lead to an increase in the viscosity of the hydraulic oil and an increase in the acid value but also produce harmful substances such as precipitates and gums, seriously affecting the performance and service life of the hydraulic oil and even possibly causing failures of the hydraulic system. The addition of anti-oxidants can effectively inhibit or slow down the oxidation process of the hydraulic oil and maintain the stability of the hydraulic oil's performance. There are various types of anti-oxidants, mainly including phenolic anti-oxidants, amine anti-oxidants, and thioester anti-oxidants, etc.
Phenolic anti-oxidants, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), are a commonly used class of anti-oxidants. Their function in preventing oxidation is based on the phenolic hydroxyl group in their molecular structure. During the oxidation process of the hydraulic oil, a large number of free radicals will be generated, and these free radicals will initiate a chain reaction, accelerating the oxidation of the hydraulic oil. The phenolic hydroxyl group in the BHT molecule can provide active hydrogen atoms, combine with the free radicals, and convert the free radicals into stable compounds, thus interrupting the oxidation chain reaction. Specifically, when a free radical attacks the BHT molecule, the hydrogen atom on the phenolic hydroxyl group is captured by the free radical, and the BHT molecule is converted into a relatively stable phenoxyl radical. Since the structure of the phenoxyl radical is relatively stable and is not likely to further initiate a chain reaction, it effectively inhibits the oxidation process of the hydraulic oil. In addition, phenolic anti-oxidants have good thermal stability and compatibility and can be uniformly dispersed in the hydraulic oil to continuously exert the anti-oxidation effect.
Amine anti-oxidants, such as N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), are also important anti-oxidant varieties. Their anti-oxidation mechanism is similar to that of phenolic anti-oxidants, which is also to capture free radicals by providing hydrogen atoms. The amino group in the DPPD molecule has a strong electron-donating ability and can react with the free radicals generated during the oxidation process to form stable products, thus terminating the oxidation chain reaction. Compared with phenolic anti-oxidants, amine anti-oxidants have a stronger anti-oxidation ability, especially in high-temperature and high-load working conditions, they can more effectively inhibit the oxidation of the hydraulic oil. However, amine anti-oxidants have certain disadvantages, such as being prone to cause discoloration. In some application occasions with strict requirements for the appearance of the oil products, their use may be restricted.
Thioester anti-oxidants, such as dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTP), etc., their anti-oxidation effect has unique characteristics. On the one hand, the sulfur atoms in the thioester anti-oxidant molecules have a certain reducing property and can react with peroxides, decomposing the peroxides into stable compounds, thus inhibiting the catalytic effect of peroxides on the oxidation of the hydraulic oil. On the other hand, at high temperatures, thioester anti-oxidants will decompose, generating thiol substances with anti-oxidation activity. These thiol substances can further capture free radicals and enhance the anti-oxidation effect. Thioester anti-oxidants are usually used in combination with phenolic or amine anti-oxidants. Through the synergistic effect, they can significantly improve the anti-oxidation performance of the anti-wear hydraulic oil and extend its service life.
Auxiliary Roles of Other Additives (such as Anti-rust Agents and Anti-foaming Agents)
In addition to the main components such as anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, and anti-oxidants, the anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package also contains some other additives, such as anti-rust agents and anti-foaming agents. Although they account for a relatively small proportion in the additive package, they play an indispensable and auxiliary role in ensuring the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic oil.
The main function of the anti-rust agent is to prevent the metal parts in the hydraulic system from rusting and corroding. During the operation of the hydraulic system, due to the presence of moisture (which may come from the intrusion of the external environment or the oxidation of the hydraulic oil itself), the metal parts are prone to rust. Common anti-rust agents include petroleum sulfonates, carboxylic acids and their salts, etc. Take petroleum sulfonates as an example, their molecular structure contains a lipophilic group and a hydrophilic group. In the hydraulic oil, the lipophilic group part interacts with the oil molecules, enabling the anti-rust agent to be uniformly dispersed in the oil; while the hydrophilic group part preferentially adsorbs on the metal surface, forming a dense monomolecular protective film. This protective film can prevent moisture and oxygen from coming into contact with the metal surface, thus effectively preventing the metal from rusting. Carboxylic acids and their salts as anti-rust agents will chemically react with the metal surface to generate metal soap compounds, and these compounds form a firm protective film on the metal surface, also playing a role in anti-rust. The presence of the anti-rust agent is of great significance for protecting the metal parts in the hydraulic system, extending their service life, and ensuring the normal operation of the hydraulic system.
The function of the anti-foaming agent is to eliminate the bubbles generated during the circulation of the hydraulic oil. When the hydraulic system is working, due to the agitation of the hydraulic oil, the entrainment of air, and the changes in the system pressure, etc., bubbles are likely to be generated. Excessive bubbles will lead to an increase in the compressibility of the hydraulic oil, reduce the working efficiency of the hydraulic system, and may even cause cavitation phenomena in the system, damaging the equipment. Common anti-foaming agents are organic silicon compounds, such as dimethyl silicone oil. Organic silicon anti-foaming agents have an extremely low surface tension and can quickly disperse on the surface of the hydraulic oil. When bubbles are formed, the anti-foaming agent molecules will adsorb on the surface of the bubble film, reducing the surface tension of the bubble film, making the bubble film thinner and then break, thus achieving the purpose of defoaming. Moreover, organic silicon anti-foaming agents have good stability in the hydraulic oil and will not fail due to long-term use. They can continuously and effectively control the generation of bubbles and ensure the stable operation of the hydraulic system.
The anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package is a complex system carefully formulated with a variety of additives. Among them, anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, anti-oxidants, as well as other additives such as anti-rust agents and anti-foaming agents work synergistically, jointly endowing the anti-wear hydraulic oil with excellent performance. Anti-wear agents reduce friction and wear by forming a protective film on the metal surface; extreme pressure agents react with the metal surface in a high-pressure environment to prevent sintering and severe wear; anti-oxidants inhibit the oxidation of the hydraulic oil and extend its service life; anti-rust agents prevent the metal from rusting and protect the metal parts; anti-foaming agents eliminate bubbles and ensure the normal working efficiency of the hydraulic system. The synergistic effect among these components is the key to the excellent performance of the anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package. They cooperate with each other and complement each other's deficiencies, enabling the anti-wear hydraulic oil to adapt to various complex working conditions and provide comprehensive and reliable protection for the hydraulic system. In today's era of continuous development of industrial production and increasing requirements for the performance of mechanical equipment, in-depth research on the synergistic effect of the components of the anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package and continuous optimization of the additive package formula have extremely important practical significance for improving the reliability of the hydraulic system, extending the service life of the equipment, reducing maintenance costs, and promoting industrial technological progress. In the future, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, the components and performance of the anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package will surely be further optimized and improved, providing more powerful support for the sustainable development of modern industry.
The Price of Hydraulic Oil Additives Package
The price of Hydraulic Oil Additives Package varies depending on factors such as brand, specification, composition, and sales channels. If you are interested in Hydraulic Oil Additives Package, please feel free to contact us.
Supplier of Hydraulic Oil Additives Package
UNPChemicals is a professional supplier of high-quality and effective Hydraulic Oil Additives Package. We offer several remarkable products, namely High zinc hydraulic oil additives UNP AH502A,Low Zinc Hydraulic Oil Additives UNP AH502B,Zinc-free Hydraulic Oil Additives UNP AH502C,etc.
High zinc hydraulic oil additives UNP AH502A are a type of chemical additive used in hydraulic oils that contain high levels of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). ZDDP is a well-known anti-wear agent that also provides antioxidant, anti-corrosion, and anti-foam properties. The zinc in these additives plays a crucial role in forming a protective film on metal surfaces within the hydraulic system, thereby reducing wear and extending the life of the system components.
Low Zinc Hydraulic Oil Additives UNP AH502B are a class of advanced lubricant additives designed to enhance the performance of hydraulic oils with reduced zinc content.These additives are formulated to provide a balance of anti-wear,extreme pressure,and antioxidant properties,making them suitable for modern hydraulic systems that demand high performance with lower environmental impact.
Zinc-free Hydraulic Oil Additives UNP AH502C are a new class of environmentally friendly lubricant additives designed for hydraulic systems.These additives are formulated to provide the same level of performance as traditional zinc-containing additives but without the heavy metal content,reducing the environmental impact of hydraulic fluids.
Professional Lubricant Additive Manufacturer
UNPChemicals,aka Luoyang Pacific United Petrochemical Co., Ltd., focuses on the application and development of special lubricating grease additives such as MODTC, MODTP, molybdenum amide, thiadiazole metal deactivators, and phosphate esters. With nearly 30 products in seven series, including extreme pressure anti-wear additives and special grease additives, it is a global manufacturer of special lubricating grease additives and a national high-tech enterprise with great influence and leading role in the industry. If you are looking for Lubricant Additive or technical information, feel free to contact UNPChemicals.